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BIOLOGY ROOM
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6-1 : INTRODUCTION TO PLANTS
1. In your own
words, what does it mean to say that plants are "eukaryotic, terrestrial,
multicullular, and autotrophic"
organisms. (Noteà Look up the terms in a dictionary or textbook
if necessary)
2. Briefly describe
the role (or importance) of each of the following features found in
plants.
A: chlorophyll B:
starch
C: cellulose D:
vascular tissue
E: seed
F: cotyledon
3. The first plants
that scientists think appeared on earth were the "Nonvascular"
plants. These
early plants were quite simple
since they lacked vascular tissue and they reproduced using spores.
A: Why would nonvascular plants need to
be small?
B: What is the scientific name for this
group of plants?
C: List two members of this group of plants.
D: What significant role does this group
of plants accomplish?
E: Bryophytes are very unique plants in
that the gametophyte stage of their life cycle is the dominant
stage. The gametophyte stage of any plant is its haploid stage. Why
is this considered
a peculiar development?
4. The next group
of plants scientists think appeared on earth were the "Seedless,
Vascular"
plants. These plants had
developed vascular tissue, but they still reproduced using spores.
A: If these plants had developed vascular
tissue to carry food and water then:
1:
Could they grow bigger than the Nonvascular plants?
2:
Why did they still need to live in moist areas?
B: List two members of this group of plants.
C: What significant role did this group
of plants accomplish in its distant past?
5. The next group
of plants scientists think appeared on earth were the "Seeded Gymnosperm"
plants. These plants are not
only vascular, but have developed the first seeds.
A: Many scientists consider these plants
the first to be completely adapted to living on land. One reason
for this is that they could grow to any size and they could grow anywhere.
What role
do the following two features have in adapting these plants to any habitat?
1:
vascular tissue 2:
seeds
B: What is the scientific name for this
group of plants? What does this name mean?
C: List two members of this group of plants.
D: What changes in the earth's climate
gave these plants an advantage over the "Seedless, Vascular"
plants?
6. The next group
of plants scientists think appeared on earth were the "Seeded Angiosperm"
plants. These plants have
both vascular tissue and well-developed seeds.
A: This group of plants also developed
two new features that are associated with well- developed
seeds. What two new features first appear on earth with these plants?
B: What is the scientific name for this
group of plants? What does this name mean?
C: This group of plants is further divided
into two smaller groups called monocots and dicots.
1:
How do monocots and dicots differ in:
a:
Number of cotyledons b:
leaf vein patterns
c:
xylem-phloem bundles d:
flower parts
2:
List two members of the monocot plant group.
3:
List two members of the dicot plant group.
4.
Are the monocots or the dicots economically more important? EXPLAIN.
7. Plants do have
organs. Each of these organs accomplishes a different task for the plant.
A: List the 4 major organs found in most
plants.
B: Which plant organ accomplishes each
of the following tasks?
1:
transports materials along length of plant
2:
produces gametes (sperm & egg)
3:
provides photosynthetic surface for production of food
4:
absorbs water and minerals from the soil
5:
regulates water loss
6:
displays the leaves to the light
7:
regulates gas exchange
8. Plants also
have tissue. These tissues are very specialized for carrying out a particular
task for the plant.
A: One type of plant tissue is called
(1)…………………. and is composed of immature cells that
are actively (2)…………. to form new cells. This type of tissue comes in
two forms. First
there is the (3)…………… tissue that allows the plant to increase its length,
and is found
in the tops of the (4)………… and (5)……………. . Second there is the (6)………………
tissue that allows the plant to increase in diameter (width), and is
found
along the (7)………..….. of the plant.
B: Another type of plant tissue is called
(1)……………… and is composed of (2)………………….mature
cells. This type of tissue appears in several locations
around
the plant depending on its task. First there is the (3)…………………. tissue
that forms
a protective outer covering. It appears in two forms (4)………………. which
is composed
of soft green cells, and (5)……………….. which is composed of harder,
dead
cells. The next type of tissue is called (6)……………… tissue because it
is composed
of large amounts of a single simple tissue. This type of tissue appears
in three forms
(7)…………………. Which is unspecialized and has thin walls, (8)…………………….
Which is elongated and has uneven walls, and (9)…………………..
which has elongated cells and thick walls. The third type of tissue
is
called (10)……………… tissue. This type of tissue appears in two forms (11)……………
which transports water and minerals upward in the plant, and (12)……………..
which transports organic material (food) up and down the plant.
C: Which form of plant tissue completes
each of the following tasks?
1:
outer layer of cells in herbaceous plants
2:
found throughout plant & used for photosynthesis and storage
3:
outer layer of cells in woody plants
4:
provides support in young leaves and stems
9. Plant roots
and stems differ between monocots and dicots. Indicate whether each
of the following statements
is describing a: monocot root | monocot stem | dicot root | dicot stem
(NOTE--> Some answers may
have more than one choice//List all correct answers.)
A: has secondary growth
B: vascular bundles for a ring, with pith
inside and cortex outside the ring
C: has pith in center with vascular tissue
surrounding it
D: vascular bundles are scattered, with
no well-defined pith or cortex present
E: has a star-shaped xylem and phloem
surrounded by cortex
F: has the following specialized structures:
1:
vascular cambium
2:
pericycle
3:
endodermis
4:
epidermis
10. Plant leaves
come in two basic forms, C3 and C4.
Indicate whether the following statements
is describing a: C3
leaf | OR |
C4 leaf
A: can fix CO2 and
store it in the bundle-sheath cells
B: needs a steady concentration of CO2
C: used by most plants
D: keeps CO2 levels
higher even when stomata are closed
E: used by corn, sugarcane, etc
F: uses RuBP in mesophyll to fix CO2
G: better adapted for extremely hot and
dry conditions
11. Scientists
have developed special terminology for describing any plant parts located
along or under the soil. Indicate
which term is being described by each of the following statements.
A: a modified bud with thickened leaves
that serve as food storage
B: a bulbous underground stem that lies
dormant in winter
C: horizontal. above-ground stems
D: an enlarged portion of a rhizome
E: underground horizontal stems
F: Match the following:
1:
potato a :
bulb
2:
strawberry b:
rhizome
3:
onion c:
stolon
4:
prairie grasses d:
tuber
5:
gladiolus e:
corm
CRITICAL THINKING:
12. Bryophytes
were once a dominant plant form on Earth. What does this indicate about
recent trends
in Earth's climate?
13. Insects and
flowering plants are thought to have evolved at approximately the same
time. Explain
the significance of this.
14. In the midwestern
U. S. thunderstorms often start fires from lightning strikes. Would
these periodic
fires tend to encourage growth of a prairie or of a forest? EXPLAIN.
15. The water lily
is a vascular plant that lives floating on the surface of ponds and
lakes. Unlike most
other plants it has its stoma on its upper surface.
A: Why would the water lily have its stoma
on its upper surface?
B: Why do most plants have their stoma
on their lower surface?
16. When a stem
cutting is placed in water roots often begin to develop. These roots
developed from
parenchyma cells in the stem of the plant. Would you suspect that these
parenchyma cells
are becoming more or less specialized to form the new roots? EXPLAIN.
17. Why are leaves
of almost all plants wide and flat?
18. Little sunlight
can pass between the tree leaves to reach the ground in a forest. Some
plants have
successfully adapted to growing on the forest floor. Would you suspect
that these plants
tend to have larger or smaller leaves than similarly-sized plants growing
in open
fields? EXPLAIN.
19. In a process
called etiolation, many plants seedlings will grow much taller, but
more spindly
and with fewer
leaves if they are germinated and kept in the dark. Explain this reaction
of seedlings
to darkness.
20. If you drove
a nail into the trunk of a young tree, would the nail remain at that
height forever
or would it move
higher as the tree grew. EXPLAIN.
21. Some scientists
speculate that the ability of plants to grow throughout their lifetimes
is an adaptation
for their inability to move. Explain their reasoning.
22. Pines have
needlelike leaves and sunken stoma similar to those in cacti. Pines,
however,
grow in regions
of considerable rainfall. What purpose do these traits serve?
23. Florists sometimes
dye carnations bright colors by putting dye in the flower's water. What
tissues
in the flower make this method of coloring effective? EXPLAIN.
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