|
1. Place the following events in the order in which they occurred. (Use
the numbers provided
to indicate the correct order)
...1... -
Oldest fossil discovered ...4...
- Earliest fossils of multicellular organisms found
...2... -
Formation of Solar System ...5... - Atmospheric
oxygen reached 21%
...3... -
Oceans filled with water ...6...
- Big Bang occurred
2. According to today's best
theories, the only elements released by (created from) the big bang
were Hydrogen and Helium. Yet the earth, and our bodies, are made of many
elements such
as Carbon, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Calcium, Iron, etc.
a) From where did these larger elements
come from?
b) What does this imply must have happened
before the earth formed?
3. a) Life on earth persists
because of which Law of Thermodynamics?
b) Life on earth will end someday because of which
Law of Thermodynamics?
4. Each of the following phenomena
requires energy to occur. All energy sources available on
earth can be classified into one of three categories:
A) Energy from within the Whole Atom of some
Matter
B) Energy from the Movement of Electrons in
some Matter
C) Energy from Inside the Nucleus of the Atoms
of some Matter
Identify which source of energy powers each
of the following phenomena. (Indicate choice
using A, B, or C)
a) Uneven heating of the air creating winds
- ………
b) Radioactivity (transmutation) in uranium
- ………
c) Dew forming on grass after a cool night
- ………
d) Hot tungsten wire glowing from heat in
a light bulb - ………
e) Ammonia detergent dissolving lime deposits
in a tub - ………
5. How are the atoms arranged
differently in a:
a) solid vs
liquid
b) mixture vs compound
6. Element "X" has
11 Protons, 12 Neutrons, and 11 Electrons.
Element "Y" has 17 Protons, 17 Neutrons,
and 17 Electrons.
Element "Z" has 10 Protons, 11 Neutrons,
and 10 Electrons.
a) Which element(s) has "stable"
atoms?
b) If atoms from elements "X"
and "Y" combine:
1) What type
of bond would they form?
2) Why would
they form this bond?
c) Which element(s) has "neutral"
atoms?
d) Which element has "potentially"
more energy available in each of its atom?
7. Which type of energy within
matter: ("In whole Atoms" or "In movement
of Electrons" or Inside
the Nucleus")
a) would be the hardest to release?
b) is harnessed to run our bodies?
c) is most affected by temperature?
d) holds the most "potential"
energy?
8. a) Which of the following
statements is correct?
1 -> "The
total amount of energy in the universe never changes."
2 -> "The
total amount of matter in the universe never changes."
3 -> "The
total amount of matter + energy in the universe never changes."
b) Explain your choice above.
9. According to the concept of Entropy which of the following would require
more energy?
a) An industrial society, or a farming society,
or a primitive (hunting & gathering) society?
(Chose only 1)
b) A 4 ounce rat or a 4 ounce jellyfish?
c) Explain. (Only one explanation is needed
for both answers.)
10. According to the concept
of Entropy:
a) What will eventually happen to all life
on Earth?
b) Where will all our energy end up?
11. According to most scientists
which came first, chemical evolution or biological evolution?
Why?
12. How do all 4 theories about
the origins of life on earth agree concerning:
a) Where on earth first life appeared?
b) When first life appeared?
c) What biochemicals are present in early
life?
d) What early life forms ate?
13. The "evolution"
of the first cell is thought to have occurred in 3 stages.
(..1..ability
to replicate //..2.. development of a membrane // ..3..ability to maintain
an internal environment)
a) Place these 3 stages in their correct
order. (Use the numbers provided)
b) Explain the logic of this correct order
of events. (Why did they occur in this order?)
14. a) According to the theory
of Biological Evolution the first living things were probably consumers.
Why?
b) What might have forced producers
(use photosynthesis) to eventually evolve?
c) List three reasons why producers
had to evolve before humans could evolve? (Hint -> What
were the "Effects" of oxygen on Earth?)
15. All life on earth is said
to be "Carbon-based". What does this mean? (Hint -> Look
at the structures of the
4 forms of biochemicals.)
16. Which form(s) of biochemical
is being described in each situation below?
a) Is eaten in large amounts by a weight
lifter trying to add muscle to his body.
b) Is eaten in large amounts by a runner
preparing for a marathon race?
c) Is what all extra biochemicals are converted
to before being stored by the body.
d) Is used to form membranes?
e) Is used to form muscle and most major
organs of the body?
f) Is used to form DNA?
g) Is used to form all the chemicals needed
to run our bodies?
h) Is organic?
17. Generally speaking, what
role do the two chemical reactions called "Hydrolysis" and "Dehydration
Synthesis" play in our bodies?
18. Compare the following parts
of a car to the levels of organization of a living organism.
a) organ( system) 1) flooring
(all tiles on the floor + carpet + mats + wax + glues/grout))
b) cell 2)
20 identical floor tiles in a group
c) organism 3)
subfloor (cement + pipes + electrical conduit + flooring)
d) system 4)
a single tile
e) tissue 5)
the whole room
19. Each of the following items
demonstrates one of the characteristics of life.
- Scientists have
developed computers that can reproduce themselves.
-Certain chemicals,
when combined, can produce crystals that grow.
-Forest fires consume
energy.
a) Would
you consider any of these items alive?
b) Explain why
you would or would not consider these items alive.
20. One of the most basic themes
in biology is that the structure of a cell, body part,
molecule,
etc is related to its function. In your own words, what
does this phrase mean?
|