1. Which step of the scientific method:
     a. Utilizes instruments such as pan balances and graduated cylinders?
     b. Which step of the scientific method is often omitted in other forms of                investigation used by nonscientists?

2. Which two steps of the scientific method would most likely make the largest use of           inductive and deductive reasoning?

3. When does a scientific theory become a scientific law?

4. Why would it be impractical to base a science course solely on the results of           experiments performed in the classroom?

5. Explain the significance of the following statement. "Many fields of science,           including biology have constantly evolving bodies of knowledge."

6. If ALL knowledge in science is discovered and supported using experiments:
     a. What must be true about each of the facts stated in a science textbook?
     b. Would you suspect this process increases or decreases the speed with which                new knowledge is added?

7. Professor Wexly has spent the last 2 years developing a new fertilizer for corn. She           now must test the effectiveness of her new fertilizer. Her university has provided           her with three different farms within a 50 miles radius of the university to utilize           for her tests. Her testing program can be summarized as follows:
     Year 1 -> Use her fertilizer on farms A and B, and no fertilizer on C.
     Year 2 -> Use her fertilizer on farm A, a different fertilizer on farm B, and no                fertilizer on farm C.
     Year 3 -> Use her fertilizer on farm A, a different fertilizer on farm B, and another                different fertilizer on farm C.
     a. What is the independent variable in Professor Wexly's tests?
     b. What is the dependent variable in Professor Wexly's tests?
     c. List 2 reasons why Professor Wexly's test results will probably not be accepted                by other scientists.

8. I want to know the average height of the student body at UTHS. I measure 10           students and obtain an average height of 68 inches.
     a. Can I accurately assume that the average height of the student body at UTHS                is 68 inches?
     b. If you said yes above, explain your answer.
         If you said no above, explain how I might improve my results.

9. Society often has a strong effect on the success of scientific procedures that are           applied to societal problems. In the United States for example we have the           technology to clean up auto exhaust to a far greater extent than is currently           required by law. If we use all this technology we could significantly improve the           air quality in both the US and Canada (since air flow carries our pollution over           much of eastern Canada). Many people resist these new technologies however.           Many factory workers and truckers resist out of concerns that it could reduce           factory and truck costs and thus could reduce employment opportunities. Auto           mechanics and service stations resist because the new technology will make           cars more difficult to maintain and repair. Many consumers resist because they           fear the extra technology in cars will increase the cost of cars. Politicians           therefore resist because they want the votes of consumers and workers.

     Briefly explain how cultural and political factors have affected a purely scientific           approach to the following problems.
     a. Overpopulation in India.
     b. Water pollution along the Danube River (in Europe).

10. Despite 100 years of rapid scientific progress many technical and health problems           still exist around the world. List a problem in the United States that you do not           think can be solved solely by scientific means in the near future (next 20 years).