PART I: MATCHING CHROMOSOMES DURING FERTILIZATION
Answer the following questions.
1. a) Normally, how many chromosomes are found in a human sperm? _______
    b) Normally, how many chromosomes are found in a human egg? _______
    c) Normally, how many chromosomes are found in a human baby? _______
    d) How many chromosomes are found in the "baby" you created in this lab? _______

2. a) What form of cell division creates the sperm? __________________________
    b) What form of cell division creates the egg? ___________________________

3. a) Note the two chromosomes that are not numbered. (Refer to your map for chromosome numbers.)
        If these chromosomes are _______ and _____, your baby is a boy. If they are ______ and ______,
        your baby is a girl. What is the sex of your baby? ______________
    b) Is the sex of each baby readily obvious? ________ (ie. Is it normal?)
    c) Occasionally, complications exist which make it difficult to determine the sex of a baby.
        1) What do you think these complications might be?
        2) How might these complications occur? Explain your answer.



4. Note the arrangement of your baby's chromosomes. Study them carefully and compare them to the
    chromosomes represented on Human Chromosome map. What feature or features are used to
    order and assign numbers 1-22 to the chromosomes?



5. Note the genes that are found on your baby's chromosomes. Letters are assigned to represent each
    genetic trait. If your baby has a combination of dominant gene, shown by a capital letter, and a
    recessive gene, shown by a lower case letter, the dominant gene prevents expression of the
    recessive trait. Based on this information, try to determine all of your baby's genetic traits. List
    them below. (These should include any genetic diseases your baby has, any genetic diseases
    your baby is a carrier of, your baby's blood type, your baby's hair color, and your baby's eye color.       Remember, if there is no eye color trait on your chromosomes, brown eye color is expressed.)




6. What genetic disease or diseases is/are carried by the sperm? _______________________________

7. What genetic disease or diseases is/are carried by the egg? _________________________________

8. Based on the "Law of Dominance" (see question 5), what genetic disease has your baby inherited,
    if any?





9. Based on today's laboratory, write a paragraph explaining why you are genetically unique.





PART II: KARYOTYPING CHROMOSOMES

Karyotyping Form:

                                                  CHROMATID CHROMOSOMES

PART II: KARYOTYPING CHROMOSOMES

Karyotyping Form:                                                                                       PERSON # _______

                                                   SINGLE or REAL CHROMOSOMES

QUESTIONS:
From karyotype of “SINGLE CHROMOSOMES”:
1. How can homologous pair of chromosomes be identified"?


2. What is the major chromosomal difference between the gametes and the somatic cells?


3. Based on the evidence obtained from your karyotype, what is the sex of this individual?
    How do you know?


4. The male determines the sex of the offspring. Explain this statement.


5. Is your "person" different from a normal male or female?
    If so, diagnose the condition of each person.



From BACKGROUND Information:
6. Some genetic disorders are dominant and some are recessive.
    a) List 3 genetic disorders that are dominant.


    b) List 3 genetic disorders that are recessive.


    c) Which type of genetic disorder, dominant or recessive, can express itself in an individual who has
        only 1 gene for the disorder?


    d) List 3 genetic disorders that are sex-linked.



7. Each of our chromosomes contains approximately how many genes?

8. Look at the diagram of the Human Chromosome Map and identify, by number, which chromosomes
    are the location of each of the following genes.
    a) ABO Blood Group
    b) Brown hair color
    c) Rh blood type
    d) Dwarfism
    e) Cystic fibrosis
    f) Albinism
    g) Tay sachs disease


From LABS:
9. Briefly explain the relationship between amniocentesis and karyotyping.



10. Which cells in the human body are the most commonly used to obtain chromosomes for karyotyping?



11. a) Define non-disjunction.


     b) Why are its effects devastating to the individuals affected?